Centrality

Centrality measures help identify which nodes are most important or influential in a network.

Degree

Degree is the number of connections a node has.

  • higher degree = more connections
  • lower degree = fewer connections

In-degree

In directed networks, in-degree counts how many connections are directed towards a node.

This can indicate:

  • attention
  • citations
  • incoming communication

Out-degree

Out-degree counts how many connections a node sends to others.

This can indicate:

  • activity
  • outreach
  • influence

Degree centrality

Degree centrality is a simple measure of how connected a node is relative to others in the network.

Nodes with high degree centrality are often described as:

  • well-connected
  • visible within the network

However, being highly connected does not necessarily mean a node is strategically important.

Betweenness

Betweenness measures how often a node lies between other nodes.

Nodes with high betweenness can:

  • act as bridges between groups
  • control or facilitate connections

These nodes are often important even if they are not highly connected.